Basic Concepts Of Web

Basic Concepts Of Web:

 
Before working on the web, you must be aware of the basic concept and terminologies of the web. Let's discuss these concepts in this section:

• Internet: Internet is a network of computing resources around the world. It is a network of networks connection millions of computers. It is a means  of connecting a computer to any other computer in the world via dedicated routers and servers. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized i.e. each computer in the Internet is independent. 

• HTTP : HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer protocol. It is a protocol used for transferring hypertext documents between client and server. The Client computer send the request to the server using HTTP and Server responds to the Client using HTTP. The process of request-response is done via HTTP.

• URL : URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It is a reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet. A URL has two main components: protocol identifier and resource name. Let us consider the following  example URL: http://MyWebSite.com.  In the preceding URL, http is the protocol identifier and MyWebsite.com is the resource name. Both are separated by a colon and two forward slashes.                                                                The Protocol identifier signifies the name of the protocol to be used to fetch the address. The example uses HTTP as a protocol identifier to serve hypertext documents. Some other protocols are File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Gopher and News. The resource name indicates the complete address to the resource. 

• Website: Website is a collection of inter-related pages scripted in HTML, which is a markup language. These pages are called web pages and the first page of any website is known as the Home page.

• Web Application : Websites and web applications are generally used interchangeably by users. However, these are different. A website is a collection of static files such as HTML pages,images,graphics etc. whereas a web application is a website with dynamic functionality. Google and Facebook are examples of the web applications.

• SMTP Server: SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Server. It is a protocol used to deliver emails from one server to destined server. To receive emails, Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) or Post Office Protocol (POP) is used by the server.

• ISP : ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. An ISP is a company responsible for providing Internet connections and space on the web servers for hosting websites.

• HTML: HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. In is a markup language used for creating web pages. HTML is a subgroup of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) for electronic publishing.

• Hyperlink : It is a link in the document that works as a gateway to other resources. Clicking the hyperlink opens linked document directly. Hyperlinks can be any form such as icons, buttons, images and text links.   

• DNS: DNS stands for Domain Name System. DNS is used to resolve human-readable host names such as google.com into machine readable IP (Internet Protocol) addresses such as 204.130.248.115.                                                                        DNS acts just like a phone book for the internet. In your mobile, you store the phone numbers along with the names of people. Now, when you need to call anyone, you search the person with the names rather than with his\her mobile number. This is because it is easier to remember names rather than numbers. Now, when you select the name and place a call,the phone internally dials the number of the person you have selected.  Same is the case with the Internet. It is easier to remember the sites with the names rather than their IP addresses.Whenever you need to access a site, you write the name of the site instead of its IP address. The DNS resolves the name into the IP address and opens the site. Thus, enabling you to access a site easily.

• W3C: W3C stands for World Wide Web Consortium. It is an international consortium of companies related with the web and the Internet. It is founded by Tim Berners-Lee in 1994. Its purposes is to develop open standards for the web. It sets rule for designing the web pages and these rules for designing the web pages and these rules are termed as web standards.